小喜故事小屋 · 山精与水精

山精与水精

The Mountain God and the Water Genie

阿鸦小喜

📜 文化小知识

越南北部多山，红河与湄公河三角洲每到秋天都会涨水泛滥，至今仍是当地人年年要面对的自然现象。关于这个现象的由来，越南流传最广的民间传说之一，讲的就是山神与水神之间一场跨越千年的较量。

Northern Vietnam is mountainous, and the Red River and Mekong Delta still flood every autumn even today, a natural phenomenon local people continue to face year after year. The origin of this phenomenon is explained by one of Vietnam's most widely told folk legends, the story of a thousand-year-long contest between a mountain god and a water genie.

这个传说的背景设定在越南传说中最早的雄王时代，被认为是越南民族的起源故事之一，如今仍写进越南全国小学生的课本里，几乎每个越南孩子从小都听过。

This legend is set in the era of the Hùng Kings, the earliest ruling dynasty in Vietnamese lore, and is considered one of the origin stories of the Vietnamese people. It is still included in primary school textbooks across Vietnam today, and almost every Vietnamese child grows up hearing it.

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⛰️ 一座山和一片汹涌的水浪，为什么会年年较量？
这场较量后来变成了什么？
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小喜看到画里一座高高的青山，山下是一片翻滚的水浪，两边好像在较劲，好奇地问："阿鸦，这座山和这片水，为什么这么较劲呀？"

Magpie saw a painting of a tall green mountain, with churning waves rolling below it, as if the two sides were locked in a contest, and asked curiously, "A-Ya, why are this mountain and this water competing with each other?"

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阿鸦说："这是越南流传最广的民间传说，讲的是一位公主和两位求婚者的故事，这场较量到今天都还没真正结束过。"

A-Ya said, "That's one of Vietnam's most widely told folk legends, about a princess and two suitors who came to ask for her hand. This contest, in a way, has never really ended even today."

小喜惊讶："公主？还没结束？"

Magpie was amazed, "A princess? It hasn't ended?"

阿鸦说："很久以前，有一位国王的女儿长得非常美丽，同一天，有两位神通广大的求婚者一起来求亲。"

A-Ya said, "Long ago, a king had a daughter of great beauty, and on the very same day, two suitors with extraordinary powers arrived to ask for her hand."

小喜追问："两位求婚者都是谁呀？"

Magpie pressed on, "Who were the two suitors?"

阿鸦说："一位是能移山造陆的山神，一位是能呼风唤雨的水神，国王一时拿不定主意该把女儿许配给谁。"

A-Ya said, "One was a mountain god who could move earth and raise mountains, the other a water genie who could summon wind and rain. The king couldn't decide which one to give his daughter to."

小喜好奇："那国王最后怎么决定的呀？"

Magpie was curious, "So how did the king finally decide?"

阿鸦说："国王想出了一个比赛的办法，谁先带来指定的聘礼，谁就能娶到公主。至于最后是谁赢了，又发生了什么，还得从头讲起。"

A-Ya said, "The king came up with a contest: whoever brought the required betrothal gifts first would marry the princess. As for who won in the end, and what happened next, we'll have to start from the beginning."

⛰️ 阿鸦讲故事 · 山精与水精

📍 场景：越南古代王宫

🐦

阿鸦，公主的两位求婚者，都有什么本事呀？

A-Ya, what could the princess's two suitors actually do?

🐦 小喜好奇地问……

🐦‍⬛

在越南传说中最早的雄王时代，国王有一位美丽的女儿，名叫美娘公主。同一天，两位神通广大的求婚者一起来到王宫：一位是山精，他能移动山峦、堆起高地；另一位是水精，他能呼风唤雨、掀起江海的波涛。两人的本领都非常了不起，国王一时之间难以抉择。

In the era of the Hùng Kings, the earliest legendary dynasty of Vietnam, the king had a beautiful daughter named Princess Mỵ Nương. On the very same day, two suitors with extraordinary powers arrived at the palace: one was Sơn Tinh, the Mountain God, who could move mountains and raise up high ground. The other was Thủy Tinh, the Water Genie, who could summon wind and rain and stir up the waves of rivers and seas. Both of their abilities were remarkable, and the king found it very hard to decide.

📌 神通 (shéntōng) = magical power

🐦

那国王最后是怎么决定该把公主许配给谁的呀？

So how did the king finally decide who the princess should marry?

🐦 小喜好奇地问……

🐦‍⬛

国王想出了一个巧妙的办法，他说：谁明天清晨先带着九支象牙、九只鸡冠红艳的公鸡、九匹红棕色鬃毛的骏马来到王宫，就能娶走公主。第二天一早，山精提前带着聘礼赶到，顺利娶走了公主，把她接上了高高的山顶。水精因为路途遥远，来晚了一步，眼睁睁看着公主已经被接走。

The king came up with a clever plan. He said whoever arrived at the palace first the next morning bringing nine elephant tusks, nine roosters with bright red combs, and nine horses with reddish-brown manes would marry the princess. The next morning, Sơn Tinh arrived early with the betrothal gifts and successfully married the princess, taking her up to the top of a high mountain. Thủy Tinh, delayed by the long distance he had to travel, arrived too late, and could only watch as the princess had already been taken away.

📌 聘礼 (pìnlǐ) = betrothal gifts

🐦

水精没能娶到公主，他后来怎么样了呀？

Thủy Tinh didn't get to marry the princess, so what happened to him afterward?

🐦 小喜忍不住问……

🐦‍⬛

水精心里非常不甘心，从那以后，每到秋天，他都会掀起大浪、召来暴雨，想要把江水引向山顶，夺回公主。可是每次水位涨高，山精就把山峰堆得更高一分，水精始终没能追上山顶。这场较量年复一年地持续着，一直没有真正的胜负。据说这就是越南人说的洪水年年来，高山年年赢，也是当地人世世代代筑堤防水、永不放弃的由来。

Thủy Tinh felt deeply unwilling to accept this. From then on, every autumn, he would stir up great waves and summon heavy storms, trying to send the river water toward the mountaintop to reclaim the princess. But every time the water rose higher, Sơn Tinh would raise the mountain peak even higher, and Thủy Tinh could never quite catch up to the top. This contest has continued year after year, without a true winner ever being decided. This, it is said, is the origin of the Vietnamese saying that the flood comes every year, but the mountain wins every year, and it is also why local people have, generation after generation, kept building dikes against the water and never given up.

📌 坚持 (jiānchí) = persistence

🐦‍⬛ 阿鸦说

小喜感叹道："原来每年的洪水，是这么来的呀！"阿鸦点点头："是呀，这个故事流传了几千年，越南人一直用它提醒自己，面对大自然的挑战，不管多少次卷土重来，都要像山神一样，坚持把家园筑得更高更牢，这也是这个传说到今天还被写进课本里的原因。"
Magpie sighed, "So that's where the yearly floods come from!" A-Ya nodded, "That's right. This story has been passed down for thousands of years, and the Vietnamese people have always used it to remind themselves that no matter how many times nature's challenges return, they should be like the Mountain God, and keep building their home higher and stronger. That's exactly why this legend is still written into textbooks today."

🎴 山水词汇卡 · Mountain & Water Word Cards

⛰️

山

shān

mountain

山神把山堆得越来越高。
The mountain god piled the mountain higher and higher.

🌊

水

shuǐ

water

水精掀起了很高的水浪。
The water genie stirred up very high waves.

👸

公主

gōngzhǔ

princess

公主非常美丽。
The princess was very beautiful.

🎁

聘礼

pìnlǐ

betrothal gifts

谁先带来聘礼，谁就能娶公主。
Whoever brought the betrothal gifts first could marry the princess.

🐘

大象

dàxiàng

elephant

聘礼里有九支象牙。
The betrothal gifts included nine elephant tusks.

🌧️

洪水

hóngshuǐ

flood

每年秋天都会发洪水。
Floods come every autumn.

💪

坚持

jiānchí

persistence

山神一直坚持把山堆得更高。
The mountain god kept persisting in building the mountain higher.

📖

传说

chuánshuō

legend

这是越南最著名的传说之一。
This is one of Vietnam's most famous legends.

⛰️ 小喜学到了 · Fun Facts

越南北部的红河三角洲至今每年秋天仍会经历真实的洪水季节，越南人世代修筑堤坝防洪，这个习俗和"山精水精"的传说紧密相连。这个故事至今仍是越南全国小学课本里的必读篇目，几乎每一个越南孩子都从小听着它长大。⛰️🌊

Northern Vietnam's Red River Delta still genuinely experiences a flood season every autumn even today, and the Vietnamese people have built flood-control dikes for generations, a tradition closely tied to the legend of the Mountain God and the Water Genie. This story remains required reading in primary school textbooks across Vietnam today, and almost every Vietnamese child grows up hearing it.

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